Abstract

Singapore’s first deep geothermal exploration campaign confirms the presence of a high-gradient, non-volcanic geothermal resource (40–44 °C/km), with temperatures exceeding 120 °C at depths below 2 km and projected to exceed 230 °C at 4–5 km. Techno-economic and life-cycle analyses indicate that next-generation Enhanced and Advanced Geothermal Systems (EGS/AGS) can deliver competitive baseload power and large-scale district cooling, achieving up to 61% cooling cost reduction and lifecycle emissions comparable to solar PV. These results position geothermal as a strategic, indigenous energy solution for Singapore’s net-zero transition, particularly for data centres and dense urban infrastructure.

Bio – Prof. Alessandro Romagnoli

Professor Alessandro Romagnoli is an energy systems engineer and technology leader at Nanyang Technological University, where he leads Singapore’s geothermal R&D from deep-subsurface exploration to pilot-scale power and cooling applications. He directed the nation’s first deep geothermal drilling campaign and develops integrated EGS/AGS, ORC, and geothermal cooling systems for urban microgrids and data-centre infrastructure. His work focuses on translating deep-tech innovation into deployable, low-carbon energy solutions for cities.

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